Gyneacological Disease. How does the body react to illness?

A tumor is a swelling. It may be caused by:

• Infections - e.g. abscess.
• Haematomas - bruising.
• Growths.

Growths can be:

• Benign (innocent). Benign tumors are not usually life-threatening.
• Malignant. Malignant tumors are life-threatening.
  • A malignant growth is characterized by its ability to spread into other tissues.
  • The spread can be local or distant.
  • The site of original malignancy is called the primary malignant tumor.
  • A tumor that has spread to a distant position is called a secondary tumor or deposit - a metastasis.
  • Metastases usually spread by the blood stream or lymphatics.

Fibroids (14) are the commonest tumor of women and ovarian cysts are frequently seen at ultrasound examination, although the majority come and go with menstrual cycles (8). Prevention of malignancy is a principle of gynaecology. The causation and management of malignancy is discussed in Chapter 32.

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