Authors:
Parazzini F. Chatenoud L. Tozzi L. Benzi G. Pino DD. Fedele L.
Institution:
F. Parazzini, IRF 'Mario Negri', Via Eritrea, 62, 20157 Milan; Italy.
Title:
Determinants of risk of spontaneous abortions in the first trimester of pregnancy. (1997- 3234)
Source:
Epidemiology. Vol 8(6) (pp81-683), 1997.
Abstract:
Several factors such as socioeconomic status, obstetrical and menstrual history, and contraceptive methods, have been associated with risk of spontaneous abortion. We conducted a hospital case-control study to analyze risk factors for spontaneous abortion during the first trimester. Cases were 782 women admitted for spontaneous abortion. Controls included 1,543 women who gave birth at term in the same hospitals. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for spontaneous abortion were 0.9 and 0.6, respectively, for women reporting 7- 11 and<= 12 years of schooling, compared with women reporting<7 years of education. A history of pelvic inflammatory disease increased the odds ratio fivefold [OR = 5.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-26.2]. The OR for spontaneous abortion was 1.7 (95% CI = 1.4-2.1) in women reporting previous spontaneous abortions.
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- 1 What is a miscarriage?
- 2 What are the different types of miscarriage?
- 3 How accurate are pregnancy tests?
- 4 What is a blighted ovum?
- 5 I have had a hydatidiform mole. What is this?
- 6 Why did I have a spontaneous miscarriage?
- 7 How frequently do miscarriages occur?
- 8 I am miscarrying. How should this be treated?
- 8a Can miscarriage result in anxiety and depression?
- 9 What is meant by recurrent miscarriage?
- 10 I have a problem with recurrent miscarriage. What is the chance of my next pregnancy being successful?
- Q 12.11 Recurrent Miscarriage I have miscarried again. Why does this keep happening?
- 12 What congenital problems might be associated with recurrent miscarriage and how could they be treated?
- 13 What traumatic conditions can cause recurrent miscarriage and how can they be treated?
- 14 Can infection cause recurrent miscarriage and would treatment help?
- 15 Could a metabolic disorder cause recurrent miscarriage?
- 16 Could a hormonal problem account for recurrent miscarriage and would hormone treatment help me?
- 17 Could an autoimmune problem cause recurrent miscarriage and how could this be treated?
- 18 Could a tumour cause recurrent miscarriage?
- 19 What degenerative processes may be associated with recurrent miscarriage?
- 20 After every miscarriage I become more depressed. Could this account for the problem?
- 21 Is it always possible to explain recurrent miscarriage?
- 22 I have a problem with recurrent miscarriage. What treatment is available to ensure that this does not happen again?
- 23 What is an ectopic pregnancy?
- 24 How frequently do ectopic pregnancies occur?
- 25 Why do ectopic pregnancies occur?
- 26 How can an ectopic pregnancy be diagnosed?
- 27 How can an ectopic pregnancy be treated?
- 28 Where can I obtain more information?
- 29 Support Groups.
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