Hum Reprod. 1999 Sep;14(9):2386-91.
Pre-implantation endometrial leukocytes in women with recurrent miscarriage.
Quenby S, Bates M, Doig T, Brewster J, Lewis-Jones DI, Johnson PM, Vince G.
Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, UK.
Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the leukocyte populations in the endometrium of women suffering recurrent miscarriage. Mid-luteal phase endometrial biopsies were taken from 22 patients with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage and from nine women with normal obstetric histories. The samples were dated histologically and stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to identify leukocytes. The outcome of any pregnancy in subsequent cycles following the biopsy was determined. Similar numbers of cluster designation (CD)3(+) and CD8(+) cells were seen in both groups. However, CD4(+), CD14(+), CD16(+), CD56(+) and MHC class II(+) cells were significantly higher in the recurrent miscarriage group than in the controls. Two patients had B cells (CD22(+)) in their endometrium. No CD57(+) cells were seen in the controls; however, eight of the patients had a few CD57(+) cells present. Only two patients, both from the recurrent miscarriage group, had CD69(+) leukocytes in their endometrium. Patients who had miscarriages following endometrial biopsy had significantly more CD4(+), CD8(+), CD14(+), CD16(+), and CD56(+) leukocytes in their endometrium than either those who had live births or women with proven fertility. A different population of leukocytes was found in the pre-implantation endometrium from recurrent miscarriage patients as compared to those from fertile controls. These differences were accentuated in women who had a miscarriage subsequent to the biopsy compared with those who subsequently had a live birth.
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- Q 12.11 Recurrent Miscarriage I have miscarried again. Why does this keep happening?
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