Authors:
Illeni MT. Marelli G. Parazzini F. Acaia B. Bocciolone L. Bontempelli M. Faden D. Fedele L. Maffeis A. Radici E.
Institution
Prima Clinica Ostetrico Ginecologica, Universita di Milano,Milan; Italy.
Title:
Immunotherapy and recurrent abortion: A randomized clinical trial (1994-385).
Source:
Human Reproduction. Vol 9(7) (pp247-1249), 1994.
Abstract:
We conducted a randomized trial comparing expectant management versus immunotherapy with paternal leukocytes to improve obstetric outcome in women with unexplained recurrent abortion. Eligible for the study were women with unexplained recurrent abortion (three or more miscarriages and no live birth), negative findings of immunological screening and no inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte culture. These women were seen for the first time between October 1988 and March 1991 in a network of obstetric departments in Northern Italy. Subjects positive for HLA DR3 or with a partner positive for hepatitis virus B antigen were not eligible. A total of 44 women entered the study. Patients were randomly allocated to immunotherapy (22 women) or expectant management (22 women). Women allocated to immunotherapy were given 200 x 106 purified paternal lymphocytes before pregnancy. Median follow-up was 24 months (range 10-39) in the immunotherapy group and 25 months (range 11-38) in the expectant management group. Out of the 22 women randomized to immunotherapy, 16 became pregnant and the corresponding value was 14 in the expectant management group. Spontaneous abortion occurred in six out of the 16 pregnancies observed in the treated women. Among the 14 pregnancies observed in the expectant management group, two aborted and one late fetal death occurred. The cumulative proportions of women who became pregnant over 4 years were 37 and 45% in the immunotherapy and expectant management groups respectively; this difference was not significant. No adverse effect was observed in treated women.
Please click on the required question.
- 1 What is a miscarriage?
- 2 What are the different types of miscarriage?
- 3 How accurate are pregnancy tests?
- 4 What is a blighted ovum?
- 5 I have had a hydatidiform mole. What is this?
- 6 Why did I have a spontaneous miscarriage?
- 7 How frequently do miscarriages occur?
- 8 I am miscarrying. How should this be treated?
- 8a Can miscarriage result in anxiety and depression?
- 9 What is meant by recurrent miscarriage?
- 10 I have a problem with recurrent miscarriage. What is the chance of my next pregnancy being successful?
- Q 12.11 Recurrent Miscarriage I have miscarried again. Why does this keep happening?
- 12 What congenital problems might be associated with recurrent miscarriage and how could they be treated?
- 13 What traumatic conditions can cause recurrent miscarriage and how can they be treated?
- 14 Can infection cause recurrent miscarriage and would treatment help?
- 15 Could a metabolic disorder cause recurrent miscarriage?
- 16 Could a hormonal problem account for recurrent miscarriage and would hormone treatment help me?
- 17 Could an autoimmune problem cause recurrent miscarriage and how could this be treated?
- 18 Could a tumour cause recurrent miscarriage?
- 19 What degenerative processes may be associated with recurrent miscarriage?
- 20 After every miscarriage I become more depressed. Could this account for the problem?
- 21 Is it always possible to explain recurrent miscarriage?
- 22 I have a problem with recurrent miscarriage. What treatment is available to ensure that this does not happen again?
- 23 What is an ectopic pregnancy?
- 24 How frequently do ectopic pregnancies occur?
- 25 Why do ectopic pregnancies occur?
- 26 How can an ectopic pregnancy be diagnosed?
- 27 How can an ectopic pregnancy be treated?
- 28 Where can I obtain more information?
- 29 Support Groups.
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