Authors:
MacLean MA. Cumming GP. McCall F. Walker ID. Walker JJ.
Institution
Simpson Memorial Maternity Pavilion, Lauriston Place,Edinburgh EH3 9EW; United Kingdom.
Title:
The prevalence of lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies in women with a history of first trimester miscarriages (1994-400).
Source:
British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Vol 101(2) (pp03-106), 1994.
Abstract:
Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of lupus anticoagulant and raised anticardiolipin antibodies in women with a history of two or more miscarriages in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Design:
A prospective study of lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibody levels in unselected women with a history of two or more first trimester miscarriages.
Setting:
The prepregnancy clinic and miscarriage antenatal clinic in a tertiary referral centre. Subjects: Two hundred and forty-three women, of whom 113 (47%) had a past history of two miscarriages, and 130 (53%) had three or more miscarriages.
Settings, Design and Main Outcome Measures:
Quantitative detection of lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies; number of miscarriages in women in the normal and the abnormal groups.
Results:
Of the 243 women tested, 41 (16.8%) had an abnormality of lupus anticoagulant or anticardiolipin antibodies. This was significantly different from the normal population as previously reported. Sixteen women (6.6%) were positive for lupus anticoagulant, 20 (8.2%) had elevated anticardiolipin antibodies, and five (2%) had both abnormalities. The most frequently positive test for lupus anticoagulant was the dilute Russel viper venom time, and IgG was the most frequently elevated anticardiolipin antibody. Of the women with a history of only two miscarriages, 15% had an abnormality of lupus anticoagulant or anticardiolipin antibodies, compared with 18.5% of those with a history of three or more miscarriages. This did not reach statistical significance. There were 117 (48%) primary miscarriers and 126 (52%) secondary miscarriers. Of the primary miscarriers, 17% had an abnormality, compared to 18% of the secondary miscarriers.
Conclusions:
These findings provide further evidence of an association between lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies and early pregnancy loss. It is not known if these are the cause of miscarriage, markers for miscarriage, or if antiphospholipid antibodies develop as a result of a noncontinuing pregnancy. Further studies comparing various treatments are required before women with these antibodies can be optimally managed.
Please click on the required question.
- 1 What is a miscarriage?
- 2 What are the different types of miscarriage?
- 3 How accurate are pregnancy tests?
- 4 What is a blighted ovum?
- 5 I have had a hydatidiform mole. What is this?
- 6 Why did I have a spontaneous miscarriage?
- 7 How frequently do miscarriages occur?
- 8 I am miscarrying. How should this be treated?
- 8a Can miscarriage result in anxiety and depression?
- 9 What is meant by recurrent miscarriage?
- 10 I have a problem with recurrent miscarriage. What is the chance of my next pregnancy being successful?
- Q 12.11 Recurrent Miscarriage I have miscarried again. Why does this keep happening?
- 12 What congenital problems might be associated with recurrent miscarriage and how could they be treated?
- 13 What traumatic conditions can cause recurrent miscarriage and how can they be treated?
- 14 Can infection cause recurrent miscarriage and would treatment help?
- 15 Could a metabolic disorder cause recurrent miscarriage?
- 16 Could a hormonal problem account for recurrent miscarriage and would hormone treatment help me?
- 17 Could an autoimmune problem cause recurrent miscarriage and how could this be treated?
- 18 Could a tumour cause recurrent miscarriage?
- 19 What degenerative processes may be associated with recurrent miscarriage?
- 20 After every miscarriage I become more depressed. Could this account for the problem?
- 21 Is it always possible to explain recurrent miscarriage?
- 22 I have a problem with recurrent miscarriage. What treatment is available to ensure that this does not happen again?
- 23 What is an ectopic pregnancy?
- 24 How frequently do ectopic pregnancies occur?
- 25 Why do ectopic pregnancies occur?
- 26 How can an ectopic pregnancy be diagnosed?
- 27 How can an ectopic pregnancy be treated?
- 28 Where can I obtain more information?
- 29 Support Groups.
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