Authors:
Carp HJA. Toder V. Torchinsky A. Portuguese S. Lipitz S. Gazit E. Mashiach S. Coulam CB. Clark DA. Aoki K. Carp HJA. Cauchi MN. Lim D. Christiansen OB. Grunnet N. Cowchock S. Smith JB. Daya S. Gatenby P. Cameron K. Gill TJ. Hin HO. Georgieva R. Belchev D. Kilpatrick DC. Liston W. Mowbray JF. Underwood J. Parazzini F. Crosignani PG. Reznikoff MF. Koyama FS.
Institution
H.J. A. Carp, Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Israel.
Title:
Allogenic leukocyte immunization after five or more miscarriages (1997-1817).
Source:
Human Reproduction. Vol 12(2) (pp50-255), 1997.
Abstract:
Rather than investigate whether paternal leukocyte immunization improves the live birth rate in women with three or more abortions, we analysed the results of patients expected to have a poor outcome in a subsequent pregnancy if untreated, i.e, women with five or more abortions and no anti-paternal complement-dependent antibody (APCA) at initial testing. The analysis included the results of patients treated by us over the last 8 years and the results of randomized and non-randomized trials reported by the Recurrent Miscarriage Immunotherapy Trialists Group: Patients with a previous live birth were classified into two groups: secondary aborters if there was an initial live birth followed by miscarriages, or tertiary aborters if there were miscarriages followed by a live birth and at least three subsequent miscarriages. The results were evaluated separately for primary, secondary and tertiary aborters who demonstrated APCA activity as a result of immunization. The 107 primary aborters had double the live birth rate if immunized, with an overall benefit of 31%. The 45 tertiary aborters had an almost 3-fold increase in the live birth rate, with an absolute benefit of 50%. The number of patients needed to treat to achieve one extra live birth was three to four primary aborters or two tertiary aborters. Immunization had little beneficial effect in secondary aborters but was effective in preventing abortion in primary or tertiary aborters with five or more abortions.
Please click on the required question.
- 1 What is a miscarriage?
- 2 What are the different types of miscarriage?
- 3 How accurate are pregnancy tests?
- 4 What is a blighted ovum?
- 5 I have had a hydatidiform mole. What is this?
- 6 Why did I have a spontaneous miscarriage?
- 7 How frequently do miscarriages occur?
- 8 I am miscarrying. How should this be treated?
- 8a Can miscarriage result in anxiety and depression?
- 9 What is meant by recurrent miscarriage?
- 10 I have a problem with recurrent miscarriage. What is the chance of my next pregnancy being successful?
- Q 12.11 Recurrent Miscarriage I have miscarried again. Why does this keep happening?
- 12 What congenital problems might be associated with recurrent miscarriage and how could they be treated?
- 13 What traumatic conditions can cause recurrent miscarriage and how can they be treated?
- 14 Can infection cause recurrent miscarriage and would treatment help?
- 15 Could a metabolic disorder cause recurrent miscarriage?
- 16 Could a hormonal problem account for recurrent miscarriage and would hormone treatment help me?
- 17 Could an autoimmune problem cause recurrent miscarriage and how could this be treated?
- 18 Could a tumour cause recurrent miscarriage?
- 19 What degenerative processes may be associated with recurrent miscarriage?
- 20 After every miscarriage I become more depressed. Could this account for the problem?
- 21 Is it always possible to explain recurrent miscarriage?
- 22 I have a problem with recurrent miscarriage. What treatment is available to ensure that this does not happen again?
- 23 What is an ectopic pregnancy?
- 24 How frequently do ectopic pregnancies occur?
- 25 Why do ectopic pregnancies occur?
- 26 How can an ectopic pregnancy be diagnosed?
- 27 How can an ectopic pregnancy be treated?
- 28 Where can I obtain more information?
- 29 Support Groups.
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