Authors:
Clark MK. Sowers MF. Levy BT. Tenhundfeld P.
Institution:
Dr. M.K. Clark, University of Iowa, College of Nursing, Iowa City, IA 52242; United States.
Title:
Magnitude and variability of sequential estradiol and progesterone concentrations in women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception (2001-3357).
Source:
Fertility and Sterility. Vol 75(5) (pp71-877), 2001.
To describe the magnitude and variability of sequential serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations throughout one depot medroxyprogesterone (DMPA) injection interval.
Prospective study.
Family planning and women's health clinics.
Abstract:
Objectives:
Design:
Setting:
Patients:
Thirty-one women, ages 19 to 46, using DMPA for contraception.
Interventions:
Serum for estrogen and progesterone was collected weekly throughout one DMPA injection interval.
Main Outcome Measure(s):
Serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations; estradiol patterns produced from data plotted across the entire DMPA injection interval.
Results:
The average daily estradiol concentrations ranged from 7.9 to 69.1 pg/mL, with a mean of 18.9 +/- 12.9 and a median of 15.4 pg/mL. Average daily progesterone concentrations ranged from 0.14 to 1.1 ng/mL, with a mean of 0.40 +/- 0.19 ng/mL and a median of 0.36 ng/mL. Two general patterns of estradiol concentrations were identified. One pattern, observed in approximately one third of the participants, reflected estradiol concentrations that were extremely low (mean, 12.7 +/- 3.6 pg/mL; median, 13.4 pg/mL) and consistently flat across the DMPA injection interval. The second pattern, seen in the remaining participants, reflected estradiol concentrations that were higher (mean, 22.2 +/- 14.9 pg/mL; median, 17.3 pg/mL) and quite variable.
Conclusion(s):
This study demonstrated that estradiol concentrations were lower than the 40 to 50 pg/mL reported in most studies and, for the majority of women, varied substantially across the DMPA injection interval.
Please click on the required question.
- 1 What types of hormone contraceptives are available?
- 2 How effective are hormonal contraceptives?
- 3 How do hormone contraceptives work?
Progestogen-only pills
- 4 What is a progestogen-only pill?
- 5 How do progestogen-only pills provide contraception?
- 6 How does the progestogen-only pill compare to the combined oral contraceptive pill?
- 7 When are POPs recommended in preference to COPs?
- 8 How effective are progestogen-only pills?
- 9 When should POPs be started and how quickly are they are effective?
- 10 When should progestogen-only pills be taken?
- 11 What should be done if a POP is missed?
- 12 What will happen to my periods whilst I am taking progestogen-only pills?
- 13 What should be done if my periods stop when I am taking the progestogen-only pill?
- 14 What should be done if vomiting occurs?
- 15 Should additional precautions be used during a course of antibiotics?
- 16 Can POPs cause ovarian cysts?
- 17 Should the POP be discontinued before I have an operation?
Long-acting hormonal contraception.?
- 18 What are long-acting hormonal contraceptives?
- 19 Depo-Provera What is Depo-Provera?
- 20 What are the advantages of Depo-Provera?
- 21 I have recently had a Depo-Provera injection and now I need to have an operation. Will the operation be delayed?
- 22 What are the disadvantages of Depo-Provera?
- 23 Will my fertility return three months after my last Depo-Provera injection?
- 24 Do long-acting hormonal contraceptives increase the risk of cancer?
- 25 What are contraceptive implants?
Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System - LNG-IUS - Mirena
- 26 Mirena: What is the Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System (LNG-IUS)
- 27 How does the Mirena work?
- 28 How effective is the Mirena as a method of family planning?
- 29 How would a Mirena effect my long-term fertility?
- 30 How long has the Mirena been in use?
- 31 How is the Mirena introduced into the womb?
- 32 How quickly will a Mirena work?
- 33 What problems can occur with the Mirena?
- 34 How frequently should my Mirena be changed?
- 35 What will happen to my periods after a Mirena is introduced?
- 36 What value is Mirena in the management of period problems?
- 37 What value is Mirena for premenstrual syndrome?
- 38 What value is Mirena in Hormone Replacement Therapy?
- 39 Family Planning Support Groups.
- 40 Support Groups.
- Mini Pills
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