What are tumour markers?

• Introduction
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In Vivo. 2004 Nov-Dec;18(6):831-6

Serum CA 125 combined with transvaginal ultrasonography for ovarian cancer screening.

Authors:

Roupa Z,Faros E,Raftopoulos V,TzavelasG,Kotrotsiou E,Sotiropoulou P,Karanikola E,Skifta E,Ardavanis A.

Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Care Sciences, High Technological Education Institute, Larissa, Greece. zoeroupa@yahoo.gr

Background:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the combination of serum CA125 and Transvaginal Ultra Sonography (TVUS) score, as a screening procedure for ovarian cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. PATIENTS AND

Methods:

A retrospective case-control pilot study was conducted. The files of 120 women with ovarian neoplasia detected by TVUS and increased CA125 level, within the framework of a prevention program, were reviewed. The relationship between the above tests and epithelial malignancy was investigated using the SPSS-12 program for Windows.

Results:

The combination of CA125 value exceeding 30U/ml and a TVUS score > or = 35 had a sensitivity of 81.7% and specificity of 100% in predicting ovarian cancer. Mathematical analysis of the logistic model of our variables revealed a mathematical model that can calculate the likelihood of ovarian cancer detection, by using a combination of CA125 > or = 30U/ml and TVUS score > or = 35.

Conclusion:

By combining TVUS and CA125, an accurate prediction for the presence of ovarian cancer may be achieved. Further investigation in a larger population is warranted.

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Please click on the required question.

• 1 What is cancer (malignancy)
• 2 What is meant by cancer staging?
• 3 How prevalent is cancer?
• 4 How prevalent are womens' cancers?
• 5 What causes cancer?
• 6 Is cancer a hereditary condition?
• 7 How can gynaecological cancer present?
• 8 How can we reduce the risks of the womens' cancers?

   

  Reducing the Risks of Womens' Cancers.

• 9 What are screening tests?
• 10 What are the reactions to a diagnosis of cancer?
• 11 Is there a place for counselling when cancer is diagnosed?
• 12 Can personality alter the prognosis?
• 13 Is the incidence of deaths from the female cancers changing?
• 14 Is there a place for a holistic approach to cancer?

   

  Cancer of the Cervix.

• 15 How prevalent is cervical cancer?
• 16 What causes cervical cancer?
• 17 How long an interval should there be between cervical screening (smear) (PAP) tests?
• 18 Is there any evidence that cervical screening can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer?
• 19 Will pre-malignant changes of the cervix invariably lead to cancer?

   

  Endometrial Cancer (Uterus)

• 20 What causes endometrial cancer?
• 21 Are there screening tests for endometrial cancer?
• 22 How does endometrial cancer present?
• 22a How can endometrial cancer be prevented?
• 22b How can endometrial cancer be treated?

  Cancer of the Ovary.

• 23 How does ovarian cancer present?
• 24 How prevalent is ovarian cancer?
• 25 What are tumour markers?
• 26 Can we screen for ovarian cancer?
• 27 What is the relationship between infertility and ovarian cancer?
• 28 Can treatment of infertility increase the risk of ovarian cancer?
• 29 What is the relationship between oral contraception and cancer?
• 30 Can ovarian cancer be prevented?
• 31 I use talcum power. Could this increase my risk of developing ovarian cancer?

   

  The Treatment Of Womens' Cancers

• 32 Can we predict the course of a cancer?
• 33 What treatment options are available for gynaecological cancer?
• Q32.33c What treatment options are available for ovarian cancer?

  Cancer of the Vulva, Vagina and Fallopian Tube

• 34 How prevalent are malignant conditions of the vulva, vagina and Fallopian tubes?

  Breast Cancer

• 35 What is the incidence of breast cancer?
• 35 ?What is the cause of breast cancer?
• 35a What are the advantages of breast cancer screening - mammography - mammograms?
• 36 How often should breast screening be carried out?
• 37 Are there any problems having a mammogram?
• 38 Should I check myself for breast lumps?
• 39 One of my family developed cancer of the breast. Am I at increased risk?
• 40 We have a family tendency towards developing breast / ovarian cancer. Are there any genetic tests to find out if I am at increased risk?
• 41 What happens if a mammogram shows an abnormality?
• 42 What are the advantages and disadvantages of tamoxifen in the management of breast cancer?
• 42a Breast Cancer Treatment - What is available?
• 43 What is the relationship between breast cancer and the pill?

  Web sites and Support Groups

• 44 Are there any support groups?
• 44 Are there any support groups?
• 45 Support Groups.
• 46 Breast Cancer Support Groups
• 47 Ovarian Cancer Support Groups
• 48 Endometrial Cancer Support Groups
• 49 Cervical Cancer Support Groups
  
  
  

  
  
  

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  This is the personal website of David A Viniker MD FRCOG, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at Whipps Cross University Hospital, London - Specialist Interests - Reproductive Medicine including Infertility, PCOS, PMS, Menopause and HRT.

  I do hope that you find the answers to your women's health questions in the patient information and medical advice provided.